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Il mondo dovrà inevitabilmente prepararsi ad una emergenza sanitaria senza precedenti. Un’emergenza al momento sotto controllo, ma che rischia di esplodere da qui a breve, causando milioni di morti in tutto il mondo. Protagonisti non di certo apprezzati di questa criticità globale sono e saranno sempre più i batteri, che nel corso degli anni hanno evidenziato una capacità di resistere anche ai trattamenti farmacologici più estremi. E’ di pochi giorni fa la notizia del malore della cantante Madonna, finita in ospedale e ricoverata in terapia intensiva, a seguito di una infezione sostenuta proprio da batteri divenuti resistenti agli antibiotici, noti anche come superbatteri.
Cosa sono i superbatteri e perché sono pericolosi
A spiegare di cosa si tratti anche l'infettivologo Matteo Bassetti che, attraverso un tweet, mette in guardia da questa minaccia che si sta diffondendo rapidamente. Si tratta, spiega "di batteri più forti, già resistenti e in grado di causare infezioni più gravi. E' per questo che tutti dobbiamo usare meglio gli antibiotici perché tutti possono essere colpiti da questi superbatteri". La rapidità con la quale saremo investiti dall’emergenza, infatti, dipende - almeno in parte - da ognuno di noi, da come si useranno gli antibiotici, attualmente utilizzati anche quando non servono.
Quali sono i 5 superbatteri più pericolosi
Sono 5 i batteri che rappresentano al momento "una minaccia urgente" per la salute globale, e altri 11 germi sono inseriti in una "watch list": un elenco compilato dai Centri per il controllo e la prevenzione delle malattie Usa (Cdc). I 5 batteri più letali sono il Clostridium difficile, l''Enterobacteriaceae" resistente al carbapenem (CRE), la Gonorrea Neisseria, la "Candida auris', l'"Acinobacter" resistente al carbapenem.
Soltanto negli Stati Uniti, ogni 15 minuti, una persona muore a causa di complicazioni da infezioni resistenti a qualsiasi antibiotico in circolazione. Un totale di 35.000 decessi l'anno. Nonostante il fenomeno sia finalmente in discesa nelle strutture ospedaliere e cliniche americane (-18% dal 2013), le malattie resistenti agli antibiotici stanno crescendo nelle varie comunità e punti di ritrovo. "Alcuni di questi superbatteri che evadono i medicinali hanno imparato come "condividere i loro geni resistenti" con altri germi in circolazione - ha osservato lo specialista dei Cdc, Michael Craig - e questo è un problema grave che può colpire ognuno di noi".
Entro il 2050 fino a 10milioni di morti l'anno
A lanciare l'allarme sull'aumento di superbatteri immuni a qualsiasi farmaco anche l’Unep, il Programma delle Nazioni Unite per l'ambiente. Secondo gli esperti il fenomeno rischia di causare 10 milioni di morti l'anno entro il 2050, un numero di vittime pari a quelle causate dal cancro nel 2020. Classificata dall'Oms come una delle prime 10 minacce per la salute globale, lo sviluppo e la diffusione di questi superbatteri comporta che gli antimicrobici utilizzati per prevenire e curare le infezioni negli esseri umani, negli animali e nelle piante potrebbero diventare inefficaci. Dunque la medicina potrebbe non essere più in grado di curare le infezioni, anche lievi.
