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Qual è la condizione della donna riguardo al lavoro nei Paesi Ocse? L’Economist ha reso pubblica la tradizionale graduatoria per quanto riguarda i 29 Paesi che ne fanno parte. I dati evidenziati misurano – come si legge sul Corriere della Sera - il ruolo e le tutele per le lavoratrici nei diversi mercati. Ne viene fuori una classifica basata sul criterio della evoluzione della condizione femminile in tali Paesi a partire dal 2016 e fino ad oggi.
Sul podio della graduatoria dei luoghi dove è meglio lavorare se si è donne si attestano, manco a dirlo, i Paesi del Nord Europa con Islanda, Svezia, Finlandia e Norvegia in testa. Ma stabiliscono un bel risultato anche Portogallo e Francia. Agli ultimi posti, fanalini di coda, Turchia, Giappone e Corea del Sud. Paesi dove le donne – in sintesi – sono costrette ancora scegliere tra famiglia e carriera e le occasioni occupazionali e di carriera sono parecchio ridotte.
E il Bel Paese? L’Italia figura in 16ma posizione un po’ sopra la media Ocse e davanti a Regno Unito e Irlanda.
Ecco comunque la graduatoria
• 1. Islanda
• 2. Svezia
• 3. Finlandia
• 4. Norvegia
• 5. Portogallo
• 6. Francia
• 7. Belgio
• 8. Nuova Zelanda
• 9. Danimarca
• 10. Slovacchia
• 11. Spagna
• 12. Polonia
• 13. Austria
• 14. Canada
• 15. Australia
• 16. Italia
• 17. Regno Unito
• 18. Irlanda
• Media OCSE
• 19. Stati Uniti
• 20. Paesi Bassi
• 21. Repubblica Ceca
• 22. Germania
• 23. Ungheria
• 24. Grecia
• 25. Israele
• 26. Svizzera
• 27. Turchia
• 28. Giappone
• 29. Corea del Sud
I criteri
Ma quali sono i criteri sui quali è stata realizzata l’importante classifica? In pratica – spiega il quotidiano milanese - si basa su 10 parametri, e in particolare su: divario retributivo tra i sessi, congedo parentale, costo dell’assistenza all’infanzia, livello di istruzione e la rappresentanza nei posti di lavoro dirigenziali e politici.
La situazione italiana
Il nostro Paese ha dei punti di forza come l’Istruzione. Un dato importante infatti è che il numero di laureate supera nettamente il numero di laureati. Assolutamente negativo invece il dato sulla partecipazione delle donne al mercato del lavoro: il tasso di occupazione risulta appena sopra al 50% e si nota un gender pay gap di almeno il 7,6%. Restano inoltre inadeguate le politiche familiari specialmente in termini di congedi di paternità: 1,4 settimane contro una media di 6,5. E questo nonostante gli interventi tentati dagli ultimi governi. Un cortocircuito come sottolinea l’Economist: “Gli studi dimostrano – sottolinea l’il giornale politico economico e riporta il Corriere - che quando i padri usufruiscono del congedo parentale, le madri tendono a rientrare nel mercato del lavoro, l’occupazione femminile è più elevata e il divario retributivo tra uomini e donne è minore”. Un dato su cui meditare.
